National NGOs & Funding in South Sudan
Introduction
International communities often believed that funding capacity was uniform across national organizations. The funding for humanitarian aid and sustainable development to South Sudan is US$ 1.35bn in a year 2019. Only seventeen (17) national organizations out of 168 National NGOs receive funding. Where do the other rest of NGOs go to get funds?! It is a million-dollar question.
In 2019, The World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) marked a watershed moment to lay out five major areas for action and change, the 5 Core Responsibilities needed to address and reduce humanitarian need, risk, vulnerability, and 24 key transformations that will help achieve them. More than 15 significant donors continue their commitment to channeling 25% of humanitarian funding to national and local organizations. This ‘Grand Bargain’ acknowledged that the humanitarian deficit, combined with an increase in the number and severity of crises, requires a new humanitarian response approach.
The Purpose of the Summit is to help shape the future of humanitarian action. In contrast, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) members will be fully engaged in the World Humanitarian Summit consultations for the agreed-year, previous UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon’s initiative to leverage new partnerships, new technologies, and new ways of working to improve support for people suffering from natural disasters or conflicts.
Yet in protracted conflict areas, like South Sudan, national organizations are often excluded from the humanitarian system. For example, there is a poor understanding of national NGOs’ capacity.
Capacity:
The National NGOs had been contracted to conduct UN agencies and international NGOs activities but often felt excluded from funding coordination and decision-making.
International NGOs often believed that capacity was uniform across national organizations, despite the fact, they represent a diverse group of 168 national organizations within the NGO Forum, alongside a plethora of other Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) and Community Service Organizations (CSOs).
National NGOs with funding of over $1million, seventeen national organizations receive funding through the Common Humanitarian Fund (CHF). These are large ‘professional organizations, such as Nile Hope and Healthlink, which can work across multiple states and sectors. They model their operations on those of international NGOs and often employ skilled technical staff from other countries.
National NGOs active in the cluster system
This small group of 20 organizations have projects registered with the clusters, implement projects for international agencies, and strive to professionalize to attract funding.
Implementing national partner NGOs
A significant cohort of approximately 80-100 organizations does not receive any direct funding or are contracted by UN agencies and some international NGOs. World Food Programme (WFP) food distributions, in particular, rely on a broad swathe of national partners able to access remote and impenetrable locations. Funding challenges particularly frustrate this group: most aspire to receive CHF funding to achieve greater financial security.
Community-Based Organizations & Churches
An estimated 150 organizations operate at the state level. Most are not part of the international humanitarian architecture and receive limited formal funding, often via small partnerships with international organizations addressing human rights issues.
In 2015, the NGOs in Group 1 received 1% of the total funding allocated through the Humanitarian Response Plan.
The majority of the organizations in Groups 2 and 3 were funded via short-term, activity-based contracts that do not support organizational costs. Without access to predictable funding, these groups struggled to build their organizational capacity.
National NGOs have argued for a fixed quota of pooled funds to be channeled directly to national organizations.
Significant barriers to national NGOs participation in the humanitarian system:
- Inadequate funding opportunities, complex funding formats, and the challenge of meeting conditions attached to funding (such as audit reports)
- Funding opportunities too closely linked to attendance at cluster meetings
- Competition between national and international organizations and prioritization of international NGOs in funding proposals
- Losing staff to international NGOs that pay higher salaries
- Lack of funding for organizational development
- The committee in charge of grants diverts the funds to the organizations of their interest or peg a percentage against the budget.
Networks and surge capacity
Humanitarian partnerships had all benefited from significant investment, including
- Joint capacity assessment
- The training targeted at specific staff development needs
- Development of shared action plans
- Shared facilities or workplaces
- Progress tracking against capacity indicators
- Partnership in the form of consortium or alliance.
Contributions to the humanitarian response
- Relevance: local and national NGOs benefited from proximity to disaster-affected communities, their understanding of culture and language, and their sensitivity to political and social dynamics. It is crucial in a complex and polarized environment like South Sudan, where the depth of local understanding is limited by staff turnover.
- Access: There are frequent incidents of harassment and interference, violence towards aid workers, interference with assets, restrictions on movement, looting, and theft.
- Trust: Protection of Civilian sites house over 100,000 people. National NGOs like Nile Hope had immediate access to these sites. Within days, national NGOs had established trust with at-risk civilians and set up community structures, latrines ( restrooms), and rubbish collection.
Conclusion:
The World Humanitarian Summit has promoted the localization of humanitarian funding. However, South Sudan highlights the importance of stronger relationships between national and international actors, developed over a longer timeframe. In South Sudan, the most effective humanitarian partnerships are based on complementary relationships, where the comparative advantages of national NGOs are recognized and supported.
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Reference to:
Concern South Sudanese National actors, OpEd: Lydia Tanner, Leben Moro, Hafeez Wani, and Zvidzai Maburutse. Edited and published by Francis Limbe, The President of BC Global @ www.bcgfederation.org https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=XR2VKVSBCXMZL&fbcl
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